Warwick: Wave power could contain fusion plasma

Researchers at the University of Warwick’s Centre for Fusion Space and Astrophysics and the UK Atomic Energy Authority’s Culham Centre for Fusion Energy may have found a way to channel the flux and fury of a nuclear fusion plasma into a means to help sustain the electric current needed to contain that very same fusion plasma.

The researchers used large scale computer simulations to confirm a longstanding prediction by US researchers that high energy alpha particles born in fusion reactions will be key to generating fusion power in the next planned generation of tokamaks.

The Warwick and Culham researchers were modelling the interaction of particular types of waves with alpha particles in a fusion plasma when they found that an expected type of wave was forming naturally within the plasma and that it was quickly growing in strength. As the simulation progressed the wave began to transfer energy from alpha particles to make an electric current which could help confine the plasma.

This particular type of waves, LH (lower hybrid) waves, are in fact often used by fusion researchers to generate the electric current required to confine and control the plasma – but these waves are usually generated externally to the plasma and channelled into it to create the current. The Warwick researchers’ model suggests that in fact these waves will occur naturally in the plasmas of fusion reactors and in doing so may be able to help exploit the energy of alpha particles.  This would open up far more efficient methods of creating and sustaining the current needed to confine the plasma and could provide a mechanism that would confirm earlier predictions by US researchers, that the energy of Alpha particles would be key to the development of fusion energy.

This work was only possible using the recently commissioned large scale computing facilities at the University of Warwick supported by EPSRC, in particular for theoretical work supporting fusion energy generation.

University of Warwick researcher Professor Sandra Chapman said:

“These large scale computer simulations capture the plasma dynamics in unprecedented detail and have opened up an exciting new area.”

The research paper entitled : Electron Current Drive by Fusion-Product-Excited Lower Hybrid Drift Instability has just been published in  Physical Review Letters  and is by  J. W. S. Cook and Professor Sandra  Chapman at the  Centre for Fusion Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; and  Professor R. O. Dendy of Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire.

This work is part of a significant initiative funded by the EPSRC (The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) to support the science underpinning fusion energy in the UK.