Research lead
Researchers at the Department of Polymer Science and Technology at the Chemistry Faculty from San Sebastian at the University of the Basque Country, led by Isabel Goñi and Marilo Gurrutxaga, have devised new formulae for acrylic bone cements designed specifically for injectable use, and which provide an additional therapeutic effect.
Traditional acrylic bone cements based on polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) are used in hip replacements to anchor the prothesis inside the bone. Now new techniques of bone repair such as vertebroplastia, where the cement is injected into damaged vertebra by means of long and narrow needles under X-ray guidance, are calling for cements with different properties.
Vertebroplastia is mainly used to treat fractures of vertebrae due to osteoporosis or bone tumours, with the aim of reinforcing the bone and alleviating the pain. It is a minimally invasive and rapid technique.
Nevertheless, there is a risk of migration of the cement and of bone necrosis due to heat given off by the polymer, and possible toxicity.
The researchers have adapted traditional formulations to make them more suitable for vertebroplasty. In particular they have focused on ensuring the cements have the right viscosity to be injected without dripping, and on radio-labelling to enable cements to be imaged by X-ray. They have also added bioactive ingredients that are intended to promote healing.
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