Alongside a big injection of cash for basic and applied research, the Chips and Science bill will put more than $50B into semiconductor manufacturing, mirroring EU action to bring chip production back onshore

Both the US and EU are trying to rebuild their chipmaking industries after years of dependence on east Asia. But retraining will be slow, and immigration reform may be a quicker solution

Chips for Europe initiative would help prevent semiconductor shortages and make the EU less dependent on technologies from China

As shortages of imported microchips continue to impact manufacturing and supplies of electronic goods in Europe, the EU is bringing industry and member states together in push for technology sovereignty in key sectors