China

Institutions collaborated with the Chinese military on quantum cryptography as recently as 2018. Some continue to do so whilst projects wind down; others are tightening their rules. Many say they were wrong-footed by a sea-change in attitude to EU/Sino research

New advisory report pushes back on claims China is set to achieve dominance in the technology, and shows just how much of a loss the UK is to the EU’s AI ecosystem.

Recently released guidelines argue for ‘a scientific and technological ethics system with Chinese characteristics’. This could put China out of step with the rest of the world in areas like data and animal experimentation